During ophthalmic procedures, which paralytic agent is used to dilate the pupil?

The use of cycloplegics is specifically intended to dilate the pupil during ophthalmic procedures. Cycloplegic agents work by temporarily paralyzing the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens in the eye, resulting in both dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and temporary paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia). This is particularly useful in various eye surgeries or examinations, as it allows for better visualization of the interior of the eye and reduces intraoperative complications.

In contrast, miotics are agents that constrict the pupil and are used in situations where reducing intraocular pressure is necessary, such as in the treatment of glaucoma, making them unsuitable for purposes of pupil dilation. Viscoelastic substances are utilized to maintain space in the eye or protect ocular tissue during surgery but do not affect pupil size. Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) is a sterile irrigation solution used during eye surgeries to maintain moisture and provide nutrients but likewise does not work to dilate the pupil. Therefore, the appropriate choice for inducing pupil dilation is cycloplegics.